Monday, October 8, 2018
Direct dan Indirect Speech ialah materi grammar bahasa Inggris yang banyak diajarkan di jenjang Sekolah Menengah Pertama dan SMA. Direct dan Indirect Speech atau yang biasa disebut Reported Speech ini menjadi langganan bentuk soal yang sering keluar di UN baik untuk Sekolah Menengah Pertama dan SMA. Atas dasar begitu pentingnya materi Direct dan Indirect Speech ini, maka pada peluang kali ini Pintar Bahasa Inggris akan mencoba mempersembahkan klarifikasi terkena direct dan inderct speech tersebut dengan lengkap beserta pola dan penerapanya. Semoga bermanfaa. Check this out!!!
Direct dan Indirect Speech
Direct dan indirect speech sanggup diartikan sebagai kalimat pribadi dan tidak langsung. Pembahasaan kalimat pribadi dan tidak pribadi tentunya sudah dekat di indera pendengaran kawan-kawan sekalian, alasannya yaitu pembahasan tersebut sudah diajarkan di pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Pembahasan kalimat pribadi dan tidak pribadi dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan direct and indirect speech dalaam Bahasa Inggris bekerjsama tidak jauh tidak sama. Namun, dikala kita merubah kalimat pribadi menjadi kalimat tidak pribadi dalam bahasa Inggris, ada beberapa hal yang mengalami perubahan diantaranya perubahan struktur kalimat, tensis, pronoun (kata ganti orang), keterangan waktu dan daerah (Adverbs of time and place). Sebelum melangkah jauh ke sub-pembahasan tersebut di atas, alangkah baiknya ada juga mengerti ihwal apa yang dimaksud Reporting Speech dan Reported Speech.
Reporting Speech yaitu bab dalam kalimat direct speech yang di tandai oleh tanda petik (") dan di akhiri oleh tanda petik (").
- He said, "I have a present for you in my bag."
- He asked me, "why do you come late."
Sedangkan Reported Speech yaitu baigan awal dari kalimat direct speech.
- He said, "I have a present for you in my bag."
- He asked me, "why do you come late."
Untuk itu, pada artikel ini penulis sengaja membagi beberpa sub-penjelasan terkena direct dan indirect speech berdasakan perubahan-perbuahan di atas.
1. Perubahan Stuktur kalimat
Jika kita lihat pada kalimat direct speech, terdapat ciri-ciri yang identik yaitu terdapat tanda petik ("). Tada petik tersebut ialah cara yang sering digunakan untuk membedakan mana yang direct atau yang indirect.
Ketika klimat direct speech tersebut dirubah menjadi kalimat indirect speech, tanda petik tersebut pun dihilangkan atau digantikan dengan kata "that" atau "to" (untuk kalimat perintah). Misalnya:
| No | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| 01 | He said, "I have a present for you in my bag." | He said that he had a present for me in his bag. |
| 02 | He asked me, "why do you come late." | He asked me why I came late. |
| 03 | He orderd me, "don't bring a bag." | He ordered me to didn't bring a bag. |
Perubahan struktur kalimat juga terjadi kalau pada direct speech memakai kalimat tanya, maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif (diberita).
Untuk kalimat direct speech yang memakai kalimat tanya "yes-no question" maka akan dirubah menjadi if/whether. misalnya:
| No | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| 01 | They asked me, "Do you want to join us to play football?" | They asked me if/whether I want to join them to play football. |
| 02 | He asked me, "Does she want to mary me?" | He asked me if/whether she wants to mary her. |
Untuk kalimat direct speech yang memakai 5W1H question (Why, Who, What, When, WHere, How), maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif dengan cara sebagai diberikut:
| No | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| 01 | He asked me, "why do you come late?" | He asked me why you came late. |
| 02 | He asked me, "what does she eat?" | He asked me what she ate. |
| 03 | He asked me, "when did you come?" | He asked me when I came. |
| 04 | He asked me, "who are you?" | He asked me who I was. |
| 05 | He asked me, "who is she?" | He asked me who she was. |
2. Perubahan Tensis (Tenses)
Seperti yang dijelaskan dimuka, perbuahan dari direct ke indirect juga mempengaruhi tensis yang digunakan. Kebanyakan siswa susah memahami perubahan yang satu ini. Untuk itu, penulis sengaja menciptakankan tabel perubahan tensis biar praktis dimengerti.
Di bawah ini yaitu tabel Perubahan Tenses dari direct speech ke indirect speech.
| No | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| 01 | Simple Present | Simple Past |
| 02 | Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
| 03 | Present Future | Past Future |
| 04 | Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
| 05 | Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| 06 | Simple Past | Past Perfect |
| 07 | Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
Atau sanggup lebih dipergampang dengan tabel diberikut di bawah ini, yaitu:
| No | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| 01 | V1 (eat) | V2 (ate) |
| 02 | V2 (ate) | Had + V3 (had eaten) |
| 03 | Am/is/are | Was/were |
| 04 | Do/does | Did |
| 05 | Do/does not | Did not |
| 06 | Did not | Had not + V3 |
| 07 | Was/were | Had been |
| 08 | Am/is/are + V-ing | Was/were + V-ing |
| 09 | Was/were +V-ing | Had been + V-ing |
| 10 | Has/have + V3 | Had + V3 |
| 11 | Will/shall/can/may/must | Would/should/could/might/had to |
| 12 | Could/might/should/would + V1/be | Could/might/should/would + have+ V3/been |
3. Perubahan Pronoun
Perubahan pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang digunakan di direct speech (kalimat langsung) yang tentunya mempengaruhi perubahan pronoun pada indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung).
- Kata ganti orang pertama (I dan We) pada reporting speech (lihat klarifikasi di awal) berubah sesuai subjek yang ada di reproted speech.
| No | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| 01 | He said, ‘I am busy.’ | He said that he was busy. |
| 02 | She said, ‘I am unwell.’ | She said that she was unwell. |
| 03 | I said, ‘I will be late.’ | I said that I would be late. |
| 04 | They said, ‘We will not permit this.’ | They said that they would not permit that. |
| 05 | We said, ‘We need to buy some clothes.’ | We said that we needed to buy some clothes. |
- Kata ganti orang kedua (You) di reporting speech pada direct speech berubah sesuai objek pada reported speech.
| No | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| 01 | He said to me, ‘You have to come with me.’ | He told me that I had to go with him. |
| 02 | She said to me, ‘You can go.’ | She told me that I could go. |
| 03 | She said to him, ‘You can go.’ | She told him that he could go. |
- Kata ganti orang ketiga (He, she, it dan they) pada direct speech tidak mengalami perubahan dikala dirubah ke indirect speech.
| No | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| 01 | He said, ‘She is a good girl.’ | He said that she was a good girl. |
| 02 | She said, ‘They have invited us.’ | She said that they had invited them. |
| 03 | They said, ‘He does not have the necessary qualifications.’ | They said that he did not have the necessary qualifications. |
4. Perubahan Keterangan waktu dan daerah (Adverbs of time and place)
Tidak cuma itu, dalam perubahan dari direct speech ke indirect speech juga mempengaruhi adverbs khusunya adverb of time (keterangan waktu) dan adverb of place (keterangan tempat). Untuk itu anda wajib memahami tabel di bawah ini.
| No | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| 01 | Now | Then |
| 02 | To day | That day |
| 03 | Tomorrow | The next day The day after The following day A day later |
| 04 | Next ... | The ... after The following ... |
| 05 | Last ... | The ... before The Previous ... |
| 06 | ... ago | ... before ... earlier |
| 07 | Yesterday | The day before The previous day The preceeding day |
| 08 | The day before yesterday | Two day before |
| 09 | Here | There |
| 10 | This | That |
| 11 | These | Those |
Di bawah ini yaitu contoh-contoh direct dan indirect speech untuk menambah pemahaman terkena klarifikasi di atas.
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech | |
| (+) | He said, “I have a present for you in my bag. here” | He said that he had a present for me in his bag there. |
| (-) | He said, “I do not have a present for you in my bag” | He said that he did not have a present for me in his bag. |
| (?) | He asked, “Do I have a present for you in my bag?” | He asked me if/whether he had a present for me in his bag. |
| (?) | He asked me, “ Why do I have to have a present for you in my bag? | He asked me why he had to have a present for me in his bag. |
| (!) | He ordered/commanded me, “Bring my bag here now!” | He ordered/commanded me to bring his bag there then. |
| (!) | He ordered me, “Don’t bring your bag here!” | He ordered me not to bring my bag there. |
Terima kasih sudah berkenan berkunjung dan membaca artikel grammar di atas ihwal klarifikasi Direct and Indirect Speech, semoga sanggup bermanfaa dan sanggup menjawaban ketidak-tahuan pembaca ihwal penggunannya. Tidak lupa, kalau terdapat suatu kesalahan baik berupa penulisan maupun isi dari klarifikasi di atas, mohon kiranya Koreksi dan masukan yang membangun untuk kemajuan bersama. tidakboleh lupa share (bagikan) artkel ini ke kawan-kawan lainnya juga ya. ^^English is Fun^^